Details of Online Presentations

Details of Online Presentations Online Presentations Secrets The next degree of hierarchical significance is put on the content title followed by the author and author info. All their writers are wholly vetted to make certain they know the topics they'll be writing about, which means you're sure to find great content to grow your visually stunning presentation. When you've picked a template, you are going to be provided a selection of page templates so that you may make a smart, cohesive presentation. Now that you're prepared to get started preparing your presentations, you must settle on which tool you will utilize. Zoho Meeting has also been integrated, helping you to share your entire desktop. The PowerPoint files also can readily be converted to XPS or PDF files, making them sharable across a wide selection of platforms. Now, PowerPoint has a lot more competition. Presentations can't be printed out 2. 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Lots of people recommend that you should rehearse before live on-line presentations, but rehearsing doesn't assist you in all elements of a presentation. If you're doing a solo presentation, examine the camera like it is a close friend and maintain the look of eye contact. You're able to download your completed presentations to demonstrate any time you would like even without an online connection. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Online Presentations There's, obviously, a limit on the variety of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. Yes, there are people and companies that are running a business for a bigger period of time than you, but bear in mind they also started from nothing, so you merely will need to get focused on your work and the standard of it. Practice before you deliver your talk to be sure the order is logical and you could deliver it with good articulation and at a pace everyone is able to understand. So rather than connecting with each and every individual individually, you opt to set up an on-line presentation so everybody can hear exactl y the same details at exactly the same time in a collaborative way. One is you may take audience questions in actual moment. If you become lost and begin repeating something you already said, your audience is going to be disengaged. Don't underestimate the ability of advertising, especially if you're at the beginning. Elect for many methods to advertise your company, nowadays there's the availability of many ways using which you'll be able to highlight your organization before your targeted audience. Finding the Best Online Presentations Businesses have to define their audience to whom they would like to sell their merchandise or solutions. Once they introduce a new product or service in the marketplace they need a strong marketing strategy that helps them to sell the same easily and quickly. Hence they must start the process of identifying the targeted customers and must focus on listing all the benefits that they will enjoy while they choose your product or service. They clearly know that without sales their business cannot sustain in the m arket, it is the future for their business. If you show to what degree your product is worth, the way that it benefits the customer or the way in which your services have a fair price but they're really good, then you don't need to be worried about the competition. Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, along with make sure you are getting the very best service our business can deliver. The service is completely free and offers 1 GB of on-line storage. You are able to use social media marketing and content marketing to boost your small business sale because most of your targeted customers might be using one or the other social networking platforms. Obviously, Slides is completely free, and that needs to be a bonus in anybody's book. One of the most significant strengths of Google Slides is that you're able to begin using it immediately. If you've used any presentation apps before, you will discover that Google Slides is simple to learn. Using video streaming can offer a feeling of professionalism that could be lacking in other on-line presentations. If it comes to live video, whether it is a video call, web conference or live stream, audio is among the most important elements. If you want to use video, just be certain it's short and to the point. Freelance video, audio and content professionals can assist you in the evolution and execution of excellent video streaming for your site.

Ideas for Plant and Soil Chemistry Science Projects

A Vulnerable Population The Homeless in America - 919 Words

A Vulnerable Population: The Homeless in America Introduction Homelessness in America should be a growing concern. When discussing the United States current economic crisis comparisons with the Great Depression are becoming more and more common. Tent cities or makeshift shelters in specified areas or just beyond city limits are becoming familiar sites across the country. Each of these cities contains dozens if not hundreds of families struggling to just survive (Maide, 2010). Homelessness can be defined as the lack of a permanent, safe and affordable night-time residence. The exact statistics on homelessness are difficult to ascertain, as the precise number of people who experience homelessness is ever changing. Recently its been estimated that about 1.6 million are people living in emergency shelters or transitional housing. The National Law Center on Homelessness Poverty (2012) estimated the annual homeless population to be roughly 3.5 million people. Of these 1.35 million are children. The fastest growing segment of the homeless population is families with children. Discussion A recent study found that 1 out of 50 American children become homeless each year. On any given night more than 300,000 children are without a home. The study estimates that some 83% of homeless children will have been exposed to at least one serious violent event before they reach 12 years of age. Of those, nearly 25% will have witnessed acts of violence within their own families.Show MoreRelatedVulnerable Population the homeless vetrans Essay1728 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ A Vulnerable Population the Homeless Veterans Patricia Dilbert NUR/440 April 7, 2014 Deanna Radford, MSN, RN, CNE A Vulnerable Population the homeless Veterans In this presentation, we will explore a vulnerable population with the focus on the homeless veterans. According to Mckinney Act†(1987) A homeless person is one who lacks a fixed, regular and adequate nighttime residence. One who has a primary nighttime residence that is a supervised publicly or privately operatedRead MoreSociological Perspective on Homelessness1248 Words   |  5 Pagesperspective. The paper will additionally reference sociological theory as a means of explanation for homelessness, such its causes, the demographics/populations, and other prominent known characteristics of homeless people. There are individuals and groups who choose to be, from a normative societal perspective, homeless, but for a great deal of the homeless population, it can be a treacherous and tragic lifestyle that is a result of a distinct set of social, societal, and individual factors. Due to theRead MoreThe Effects Of Homelessness On The Homeless Population1372 Words   |  6 PagesHomelessness The term to describe the homeless may have changed over time, however the issue of housing insecurity has remained for some Americans throughout history (Kusmer, 2001). Although the homeless population has always maintained in the United States, homelessness became a national issue in 1870 with the emergence of the â€Å"tramp†: these were men that banded together, rode trains illegally and had negative interactions with law enforcement (2001). The movement of the homeless from location to location changedRead MoreHomelessness : The New York City Shelter System1093 Words   |  5 PagesHomelessness in America Homelessness in America has been slowly decreasing since 2013. In 2014 the New York City shelter system reported an increase of seven percent, from 50,135 in 2013 to 53,615 in 2014. In 2013 more than 111,000 different New Yorkers looked to the shelter system to give them safety, this is also including 40,000 different children. Overall homelessness has dropped by at least 2.3 percent, homelessness has decreased among every subpopulation. Veterans make up 10.5 percent ofRead MoreThe Problem With Homeless Today1209 Words   |  5 PagesWeek 7 Assignment: The Problem with Homeless in America Equilla Simmons Boston University One of the basic human needs is shelter. While many people take having a roof over their head for granted, there is a plethora of people that have no place to call home. However, America has become a place where Social Darwinism is vastly accepted, leaving several people that are homeless with limited resources. â€Å"In January 2013, 610,042 people were homeless on a given night. Most (65 percent)Read MoreJournal 5 : Vulnerable Populations And Health Policy1266 Words   |  6 PagesJournal 5: Vulnerable Populations and Health Policy Based on your readings for this class, discuss how your population of interest meets the definition of a vulnerable population. My population of interest thus meet the definition of a vulnerable population. Most African Americans women living in Nursing homes suffer from Depression. It could be as a result from other chronic illnesses and not just a single diagnosis of Depression. Some of the most common reasons they are admitted into long-termRead MoreCurrent Housing Policies For Homeless Youth1281 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the 2014 Department of Housing and Urban Development statistics, 34% of the total homeless population of America are under 24 years old (HUD 2014). Although HUD recognizes that this is an alarming number, current housing laws offer little protection for homeless youth. Young people in America face homelessness due to financial issues, lack of family support or insufficient housing. Many of these homeless youth are on their own and are enrolled in college and since the recession of 2008 theirRead MoreAnxiety And Depression : A Public Health Issue949 Words   |  4 Pagesanxiety, is a public health issue that impacts a large population in the United States with different level of severities. Anxiety is a feeling of stress or abnormal emotion that can cause several types of anxiety disorders. According to the statistics of Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA), anxiety is one of the most common mental illnesses in the United States, which affect nearing 18 percent of the U.S.’s total population. This mental illness can affect one person’s general mentalRead MoreHomelessness Is A Major Social Crisis Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pagesor Haight Ashbury. In these places, homeless people are plentiful, yet they are almost always overlooked by the other San Franciscans who use those areas to work and play. Providing permanent housing (as opposed to places at shelters) to chronically homeless people has been proven to be an efficient method of combatting homelessness. I propose that San Francisco introduce a voluntary 10-cent tax on coffe e, as a way of raising money to provide services to homeless people within permanent housing, andRead MoreVulnerable Populations1503 Words   |  7 PagesVulnerable Populations BSHS/320 The United States of America is the place known to many as the land of the free, home of the brave, and the place to start a better life. With any place that has good qualities, some have not so good qualities. The homeless population in the United States is at a staggering high, and many individuals are suffering because many lack employment/financial resources, housing resources, support from family and friends, and others negligence; such as natural disasters

Personality In Edgar Allan Poes The Cask Of Amontillado

In paragraphs 1 through 23 of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† Edgar Allan Poe takes the reader on a riveting mind game. As the reader reads the reader slowly realizes that the narrator is both an astute observer of his fellow humans and a frightening psychopath and he does this through steps and slowly letting the reader into the narrator’s mind. Early in the tale Montresor, the narrator, opens the story by stating that he has been irreparably insulted by his acquaintance, Fortunato, and that he seeks revenge. The reader at this point doesn’t know or understand the malicious intent that Montresor has. The narrator speaks on the wrong doing and how Fortunato â€Å"ventured upon insult†. He speaks wants to exact this revenge, however, in a†¦show more content†¦During the conversation, Montresor flattered him by obsequiously asking his opinion on a newly acquired cask of Amontillado. He tantalized Fortunato with the rare liquor, even pretending that h is vaults where the wine was stored had too much dampness and nitre for Fortunatos affliction. He knew that Fortunato would be determined to taste the wine and insisted on being taken to Montresors home. Furthering his demented plan he even plays Fortunato’s own ego against him by suggesting that another man would tell him what he wanted to know, knowing this would only make him want to taste the sherry even more. With this in mind, he sets the trap for Fortunato. He gives Fortunato numerous opportunities to back out, using the tricks of classic conmen by playing on Fortunatos greed and pride. Fortunato insists so Montresor complied while wrapping himself in a cloak to make sure that he would not be recognized. Earlier, he had told all of the servants that he would not be returning for the night and to â€Å"not stir from the house† this â€Å"[insured] their immediate disappearance, one and all, as soon as my back was turned†. Montresor used the excuse of the carnival; in this way, he would avoid arousing Fortunatos suspicions and would also prevent anyone from witnessing the atrocity he planned to commit. Apparently, Montresor had been planning this revenge for a long time and, ironically, had chosen carnival time asShow MoreRelatedEdgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado1232 Words   |  5 PagesPoe’s Irony To develop the analytical paper about the text â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe, some sources will be used to support the thesis statement, which is â€Å"The author uses irony in the text to illustrate the murder of Fortunado by Montresor, who seeks salvation through death†. Also, there is going to be an analysis on the irony found in the text in relation with the story. To support this thesis, I am going to use some examples from some sources such as â€Å"Literary analysis: IronyRead MoreThemes in the Writing of Edgar Allan Poe that Mirror his Personal Life1379 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will discuss the themes in Poe’s writing that mirror his personal life and, in addition, the fear and supernatural motivators for his characters. First, I will discuss Poe’s background and explore how he became best known as a poet for his tales of mystery and macabre. In retrospect he was born January 19, 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts. His father an actor abandoned the family when he was one years old and his mother an actress died of tuberculosis when 2 yrs old. His foster parentsRead More Edgar Allan Poes, The Cask of Amontillado as a Description of Poes Life791 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allan Poes, The Cask of Amontillado as a Description of Poes Life The cast of Amontillado was written by Allan Poe at a time when he felt he was being unjustly attacked. Most critics believe that the cask of Amontillado was written by Poe against his critics in the Mirror. I believe the cask of Amontillado is a story of Revenge and Hatred against some friends whom be believed had wrongfully accused him. A review of Allan Poe as a person and his experiences in life is essential a clearRead MoreEdgar Allan Poes The Cask of the Amontillado Essay1520 Words   |  7 PagesSomething Unexpected Poe has written a several different stories relating to being buried alive, â€Å"The Premature Burial† and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† being the most popular. Edgar Allan Poe â€Å"was one of the seminal American poets and short story writers of the nineteenth century† he was an influencer for writers like Charles Baudelaire and Jules Verne. Poe lost both of his parents as a child and was raised with a foster family and lost his foster mom early, too. He lost many of his loved onesRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado, The Raven And The Tell Tale Heart1613 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allan Poe uses concrete language and physical description to cast certain emotions to his audience. Within his descriptions, he perfectly picks words to strike horror and dread. Through his writing, Poe has become one who will never be forgotten. He will always be remembered as one of the pivotal writers in the romantic period of writing. In his works â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado †, â€Å"The Raven†, and â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, he strategically describes people, events, and places for his readers to feelRead MoreThe Father Of American Detective1923 Words   |  8 PagesShort Story-Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe is far more than a poet and short story writer of the early 19th century. Poe is, in many ways, the most crucial writer of the period. The inventor of the detective story, and the creator of Gothic horror stories. He continues to capture the imagination and inspire literature more than one hundred and fifty years after his death. In examining his life, the critical reaction to his work, and his short story masterpiece â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† it has beenRead MoreThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe836 Words   |  3 Pagesqualities in the story. In the story many things are used as symbols such as the actual cask of amontillado, the trowel, the jester costume and the setting in which there is two in the story. Another literary technique used significantly in the story is irony. Irony is the expression of ones meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite. In the short story â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† Montresor a very troubled man who plans to seek revenge on another man named FortunatoRead More Big Heads and Short Tempers: Edgar Allan Poe in Context Essay2064 Words   |  9 PagesEdgar Allan Poe was the epitome of a tormented genius. He possessed uncontrollable and self-inflicted internal problems. In addition, Poe was plagued by external difficulties—some preventable, some not. Most doctors today would pronounce Poe to be bipolar, chronically depressed, and perhaps even OCD. Most people today, and any day, would declare Poe to be self-obsessed and arrogant, or—at the least—snobbish. His personal life would also be considered less than ideal, though how much he was personallyRead MoreHumorous Humor Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Dark Hearted 1675 Words   |  7 PagesPoe: Lighthearted Humor in a Darkened Heart Edgar Allan Poe, the dark hearted author! When speaking of Poe, readers would most likely associate him as a dark and dreary author. His uses of vivid, shadowy imagery and themes of death and despair lurk within the minds of his audiences. Poe, however, subtly injects his works with humor that may not easily be spotted by the human eye. Why exactly would Poe inject humor into his horror stories, since they aren’t comedies? To begin, the use of humor inRead MoreThe Two Personalities of Edgar Allan Poe800 Words   |  4 PagesThe Two Personalities of Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe is one of the most famous writers in the American literary world. His stories and poems are known for their gothic style and having the common theme of death. This is certainly seen in his short story â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado.† It is speculated by many that Poe suffered from the mental illness known as bipolar disorder. In a letter to James Russell Lowell, Poe said, â€Å"I am excessively slothful, and wonderfully industrious — by fits. There are

Sigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychoanalysis Essay - 1691 Words

Freud’s theological perspective was termed Psychoanalysis. Freud believed people unconsciously repressed information, and that this hidden information was the cause of their distress. The unconscious is the space in your brain where thoughts, feelings, and desires are tucked away, and cannot be readily drawn upon and available to the conscious mind. Because 99% of this methodology is dealing with the unconscious, Freud believed that success could not be reached by the individual alone, rather they need someone trained in the ways of Psychoanalysis to help them. In contrast, the conscious mind is all of the things we are thinking and feeling now; it is information that is easily accessible to us. There is also this idea of a preconscious, where while we are not currently thinking of that information, if we want it, it is there and can be pulled up when we are ready to attend to it. Psychotherapy was often a many year process where various methods and theories within his theory of Psychoanalysis were considered and practiced. One of these theories is that of psychosexual development. Psychosexual Development As one grows and develops it is often times clear they pass through difference stages of development; for Freud, his focus was psychosexual development. This term refers to how sexual energy, libido, is found and focused on different parts of the body throughout development. There are five of these Freudian psychosexual stages, including oral, anal, phallic, latency, andShow MoreRelatedSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychoanalysis2367 Words   |  10 Pages Sigmund Freud created psychoanalysis, a system through which an expert unloads oblivious clashes in light of the free affiliations, dreams and dreams of the patient. Psychoanalytic hypothesis is a strategy for exploring and treating identity issue and is utilized as a part of psychotherapy. Included in this hypothesis is the way to go that things that happen to individuals amid adolescence can add to the way they later capacity as grown-ups (Gay, 1998). Freud s psychodynamic methodology has promptedRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychoanalysis1339 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud Biographic Description of Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856 in Freiberg (currently known as Czech Republic). Freud is best known as the founder of psychoanalysis, which entails a scientific analysis of unpacking unconscious conflicts based on free associations, fantasies, and dreams of the patient. He was among the greatest psychologists of the 20th century, and his legacy lasts up to now. While young (4 years old), his family relocated to Vienna where he lived andRead MoreSigmund Freud s Psychoanalysis Theory2380 Words   |  10 Pages Contemporaries of Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis Theory Kevin Stout Florida Institute of Technology Abstract Sigmund Freud created psychoanalysis, a system through which an expert unloads oblivious clashes in light of the free affiliations, dreams and dreams of the patient. Psychoanalytic hypothesis is a strategy for exploring and treating identity issue and is utilized as a part of psychotherapy. Included in this hypothesis is the way to go that things that happenRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychoanalysis1413 Words   |  6 PagesEver since Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis theory, its applicability has been extended beyond therapy to literature. In the interpretation of dreams, Sigmund Freud coins the term the oedipus complex in reference to the greek mythology of Oedipus the king. The application of psychoanalysis to myth is treated by Dowden with scepticism and he states that the only significance of the psychoanalytic approach is in its recognition of how fundamental the images that recur in the myth are (DowdenRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychoanalysis1258 Words   |  6 Pages Sigmund Freud’s grand theory of Psychoanalysis was developed in the 19th century. He especially worked to prove that childhood events had a great and powerful impact on the teenage and adult mind in later years to come. Sigmund Freud was born in 1856 and died in 1939. He had a great desire to find treatment for psychopathology that all began with a great deal of time spent at Theodor Meynert’s Psychiatric Clinic. His time spent here was what created his desire to help people and find new ways toRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theories About Psychoanalysis And The Unconscious Mind1003 Words   |  5 PagesPsychology, 5th Block Sigmund Freud s Theories about Psychoanalysis and the Unconscious Mind Sigmund Freud was well known for his theories on psychoanalysis, and it was used to help understand the unconscious mind better. In Freud s lifetime, he grew to be a very influential person of the twentieth century. The western society still uses words that he introduced in his time, some are libido, repression, denial, and neurotic. He was the founding father of the theory of psychoanalysis, which explains humanRead MoreThe Power Of Sigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychoanalysis1440 Words   |  6 PagesThe power of Sigmund Freud’s theory Sigmund Freud was a great philosopher who predicted and came up with theories that are widely used in todays society. He is often referred to the father of psychoanalysis as he was one of the first people to analyze the human mind. He separated the human mind into three parts which help further explain the theory of psychoanalysis. The first part is known as the id, it is the part of the mind that deals with instincts. It is the unconscious part of the mindRead MoreHistorical Background Of Sigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychoanalysis774 Words   |  4 PagesHistorical Background Sigmund Freud dedicated the majority of his time on this earth to mainly covering his theory of psychoanalysis. He did not however have a lot of patience from contemporaries who diverged from his psychoanalytic principles. He attempted to keep control over the movement by expelling those who dared to disagree. Carl Jung and Alfred Alder, for example, worked closely with Freud, but each founded his own therapeutic school after repeated disagreements with Freud on theoretical andRead MoreThe Theory Of Psychoanalysis On The Unconscious Phases Of Personality Development1130 Words   |  5 PagesThe theory of Psychoanalysis In the early 1800s, Psychologist and researchers were fervent in postulating and hypothesizing. Searching earnestly for answers to the many questions that were prevalent in those days. The theory of Psychoanalysis was one of such theory that was founded. Psychoanalysis emphases on the unconscious phases of personality development. The main tenets of this theory are characterized into four subsections. Firstly, it states that early childhood experiences are important inRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1283 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud (1856-1939), is a pioneer in the field of psychology in various ways. His dedication to his field helped shape the minds of many nineteen-century contemporary schools of thought. Most notably, Freud’s work in psychoanalytic theory, according to Tan (2011) earned him the title of, â€Å"father of psychoanalysis† (p. 322). Moreover, Tan Taykeyesu (2011) report that Freud’s genius is not just in psychoanalysis, but also when we â€Å"think Oedipus complex, infantile sexuality, and repression†

Introduction To Eating Disorders Essay Example For Students

Introduction To Eating Disorders Essay Colleges and universities around the country are reporting an increased prevalence of eating problems among young female students. Difficulties include obsession with food, starvation dieting, severe weight loss, obesity, and compulsive binge eating, often followed by self-induced vomiting (Hesse-Biber, 1989, p. 71). What are the reasons for eating disorders among college-aged women? It is the purpose of this paper to discuss this question and give an overview of several possible answers, determined following an examination of current psychological literature in this area of concern. The reasons for difficulties around the issues of food and eating are myriad and complex. They touch on every aspect of being female, and no single answer sufficiently explains the phenomenon of college students who overeat or undereat as a response to stress. In her book, Anatomy of a Food Addiction, author Anne Katherine calls eating the great escape and pinpoints the vulnerabilities of women to childh ood origins (1991, p. 70). She believes that girls are taught that they cannot fight or flee. Unlike boys, who have the outlets of strenuous play and fighting to release anger, girls are taught that they must cope within the difficult situation while remaining there. In the girl-childs attempts to find solace in a situation from which she cannot escape, she learns that sweet food will release chemicals that soothe her when she is frightened and angry. Thus, she learns rather early in life that food gives her a way to avoid feeling trapped and overwhelmed. This conditioned response to stress then carries over into adult living, and in situations where the young woman feels overwhelmed, frightened, cornered, confused, miserable, or lonely, the body seeks relief, and the whole organism tries to lead her into a way of release. Even if the woman has made a conscious decision to not overeat in response to stress, the whole person has been deeply trained to eat anyway, and she automaticall y, unthinkingly reaches for something to eat or drink. This drive for release is almost unstoppable (Katherine, 1991, p. 71). Ms. Katherine describes this strong drive for eating in terms of Maslows hierarchy of needssafety and security come far before appearance and artistic taste. Therefore, if the student feels fear or uncertainty (which are common emotions among college students!, it is natural to reach for substances that she has learned give her a feeling of security and safety. Apparently in women who overeat or undereat, there has often been a childhood background of profound deprivation and emotional deficit. Such individuals learned in their families that they were not wanted, worthwhile, or valued. They did not learn to ask for help or to expect their needs to be met. They did not learn healthy ways to handle conflict, difficult emotions, or disappointments. They have not learned that the solution to loneliness is to seek friendship. Such individuals may have been severel y abused in their homes and have no knowledge of awareness of the abuse (Katherine, 1991, p. 52). This type of woman may have been screamed at as a child when she expressed a need. She has become accustomed to fear. With such a background, the food addict is a person who expects to only have minimum needs met. She has learned that her needs will probably go unmet, even if she asks, and she adapts. The needs for affection, trust, safety, and honesty do not go away, but they move underground and surface in the adaptive response of food difficulties. Most people who suffer from eating disorders have severe, long-term deprivation in regard to their emotional needs. Leighton C. Whitaker discusses the specific characteristics of the college environment and lifestyle that contribute to the problem of female students with food. The college environment is similar to a family. It may bring demands, attitudes, support systems or lack of support. There are constant concerns with finances, trans itions, the physical structure and atmosphere, as well as relationships with faculty, staff, and the other _ 1 students. The academic studies themselves may be unfamiliar and difficult at times. Student support services may not contribute any help to the student who has eating difficulties (Whitaker, 1989, p. 117). Going to college is an important transition for most .u454d9e78e6b55dc9e11be54460d44f23 , .u454d9e78e6b55dc9e11be54460d44f23 .postImageUrl , .u454d9e78e6b55dc9e11be54460d44f23 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u454d9e78e6b55dc9e11be54460d44f23 , .u454d9e78e6b55dc9e11be54460d44f23:hover , .u454d9e78e6b55dc9e11be54460d44f23:visited , .u454d9e78e6b55dc9e11be54460d44f23:active { border:0!important; } .u454d9e78e6b55dc9e11be54460d44f23 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u454d9e78e6b55dc9e11be54460d44f23 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u454d9e78e6b55dc9e11be54460d44f23:active , .u454d9e78e6b55dc9e11be54460d44f23:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u454d9e78e6b55dc9e11be54460d44f23 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u454d9e78e6b55dc9e11be54460d44f23 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u454d9e78e6b55dc9e11be54460d44f23 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u454d9e78e6b55dc9e11be54460d44f23 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u454d9e78e6b55dc9e11be54460d44f23:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u454d9e78e6b55dc9e11be54460d44f23 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u454d9e78e6b55dc9e11be54460d44f23 .u454d9e78e6b55dc9e11be54460d44f23-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u454d9e78e6b55dc9e11be54460d44f23:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Iron And Silk Essay

Theories of Language Acquisition

Question: Discuss about the Theories of Language Acquisition. Answer: Introduction: Human being alone uses language for the purpose of communicating thoughts and feelings. It is solely a human trait and for all human being at least one language is a must for survival. However with the advancement of civilization, with the spread of international relations, one language often does not suffice. In the modern world tending to globalization even more than two languages are necessary for functioning successfully. So it is important to know that the process of knowing languages is not always the same. Language experts are of the view that words like acquire or acquisition should be [i]used in case of the first language acquisition means unconscious picking up of a language in a natural setting. People are constantly exposed to the first language at home, in general or the society or even at school and thus develop the habit of listening and speaking in it without any formal instruction in it. So it may be right to say that acquisition happens to be sub-conscious process i n all important ways that identical in first language acquiring that children utilize as the process. Theories of Language Acquisition Most of the theories among human beings about development of language is in padt proposed and that still continues currently. These theories naturally arose through key disciplines for instance linguistics and the psychology. Linguistic as well as Psychological thought has influenced deeply each other as well as result regarding theories of language acquisition, similarly (STEMMER, 2005). Over the past five decades, numerous theories are put forward towards explaining the method by which children gain knowledge to speak and understand a language (Wardhaugh, 2007). The theories are: Skinners Behaviourist Theory Vygotskys The Zone of Proximal Development Piagets The Cognitive Theory Chomsky's linguistic theory The Discourse Theory The Speech Act Theory Krashens the language Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis Skinners Behaviourist Theory Language is based on the foundation of a set of rules or structures the most important theorist related with language acquisition theory is B.F. Skinner. This psychologist developed his theory whilst carrying a sequence of tests on animals. Behaviouristic analysis merely asserts that the acquisition of language happens to be set of the practice product. Generally, the study has affected with regard to broad learning theory and named behaviourism. Behaviourism rejects natives account of inherent knowledge since they are observed as innately unscientific and illogical. According to these psychologists, the knowledge happens to be result of communication with respect to surroundings due to conditioning of stimulus-response. While the Educational implications of Behaviouristic analysis, focuses on the individual pace of learning as well as the learning objectives it can be defined very specifically in terms of behaviour and contributes to programmed learning, but again this theory has certain weaknesses and limitations (Anon 2016). These are namely: The theory could not be employed merely by replicating individual expressions. The errors made by children expose that they are not only imitating but dynamically applying the rules. The theory observes the language student as a tabula rasa or a clear slate with no fixed knowledge. Children are frequently unable to replicate what a grown-up says; particularly if the adult expressions include a construction the child is unable to comprehend. The resulting teaching methods and theory have the limitations that S-R simple associations cannot only describe the acquisition and offer the strong foundation regarding the methods of teaching language. The huge majority of children develop through similar phase of language acquisition. There seem to be a specific series of steps which can be referred to as the developmental milestones. This series seems to be mostly unaltered by the behaviour the children get or the kind of society where he or she is growing up. There is proof for a critical phase of language acquisition. Those children who have not attained language control by seven will certainly never completely catch up. The above theory fails to explain this factor. Vygotskys the Proximal Development Zone L.S.Vygotsky happened to be psychologist whose theory on human conscious activities provided him to inspect function that been played by language while moulding human behaviour. He was mostly famous regarding his socio-cultural theory of development that believed that through interaction with culture ones development primarily occurs (van der Veer, 2002). According to him, development of the individual without the reference to cultural and social context is impossible to understand as these are embedded within such developments. His social interaction theory includes and nurture arguments that a child is influenced by their surroundings in addition to the language contribution that they obtain from their care-givers, through the process of scaffolding. Unlikely to Piaget he mainly focussed on development mechanisms that exclude the development stages distinguishable. This concept of Vygotsky put forward development of cognitive mechanisms or ZDP or Zonal Proximal Development as relat ive lack between actual level of competence and level of development that potential under adult supervision or in assistance with more competent friend ("A Discussion of Language Acquisition Theories", 2011).Or, a child first requires being to social interaction exposed that help them to their inner resources build eventually. Weaknesses and limitations of this theory: What that Vygotsky intended is not comprehensible with talking about inner resources. The implication of speech egocentric that stressed in development of language and the thought overemphasizes the role of egocentric speech Vygotsky does not succeed to explain the function of self in this method. Though our social background offer support in favour of acquisition of the language, it directly does not offer knowledge to obtain the language is essential and possibly this is where inherent abilities of child appear in playing. Piagets the Cognitive Theory Jean Piaget the Swiss psychologist, who was well-known for his four-stage cognitive theory for the development of children, incorporated the development of the language. Though, children do not imagine like adults and therefore before they can start to grow language they should first actively build their own knowledge of the situation through their communications with their environment. Piaget asserts that a child needs to understand a idea and concept prior to acquiring that particular language which convey that idea or concept.Object permanence is one more occurrence that is often mentioned in the cognitive theory (Institute of Historical Research (IHR), 2016). The cognitive theory draws awareness to the increase in a childs vocabulary, signifying a connection between object durability and the knowledge of objects. Limitations and weaknesses of Cognitive Theory The cognitivists assert that the language acquisition is automatically achieved but it is not comprehensible how it can be automatically done. As a child continues to grow and develop, it becomes tougher to discover apparent links between intellect and language. Particularly syntax does not rely on common intellectual growth. It is not a fully organized and unified theory; it is loosely organized There are Controversial issues: regarding necessary reinforcement for both learning and performance, self-efficacy as just an additional result of expectancy. If self-efficacy expectations are condition specific how they narrate to a broader personality. Fails to explain why some self-efficacy viewpoint are apparently not related to behaviour for example stop smoking Relies too much on self-reports Neglected areas like changes and maturation over the lifespan Minimal attention is given to conflict, motivation and emotion Findings are very initial (Kose, 1997)l. Chomsky's linguistic theory Nearly two decades after some psycho linguists begin to question about the presence of Universal Grammar it is argued that the categories like verbs and nouns are evolutionarily, biologically and psychologically improbable and the sector called for an explanation that can describe the acquisition procedure without inherent categories (SLA, 2012). Chomsky thought that every human language distributes common principles, for example all languages include nouns and verbs which was the task of the child to find how the precise language he or she listens to, express these fundamental principles. The problems, limitations and weaknesses with Universal Grammar theory It can be thought that Universal Grammars specific plan is to give descriptions for the workings of language. Yet Universal Grammars proponents have to deal regarding the acquisition in order to explain for language itself. Thus this Acquisition part is considered to be of importance that is secondary. Secondly, Chomsky considered merely the core section of grammar in English language that is syntax and ignored the peripheral grammar, which is, a language precise rule that is the definite languages rules that cant therefore be concluded. Third happens to be the function that chiefly describes language as process of communication, which here discarded totally. Fourthly, this theory depended on children who were exposed in the direction of language that takes no consideration of the communication among children and the caregivers. Neither does it identify the cause as to why a child may want to articulate about the purpose of language. The most significant and final problem is related to one that methodological one. Owing regarding statement that Chomsky was anxious just explaining and describing competence, the researches with delivering the research empirical of acquisition of Second Language likely hood is limited (Lamb, 1967). The Theory of Discourse This Theory of discourse is result of the theory of the language exercise. This theory put stress on development of language that need to be within framework examined regarding how learners determine meaning and language capacity with working on communication. Del Hymes account of competence of communicative for example, echoes the main beliefs of the theory of discourse. Thus, competence communicative incorporate the vocabulary and the grammar knowledge, the rules of speaking knowledge, regarding how to respond as well as use various kinds of social conventions and language acts and to utilize language suitably knowledge. This assumed, that language acquisition effectively takes place at a time when language students know when and how to employ the language in a variety of situation and while they have productively cognized a variety of structures of proficiency like grammatical competence. The Discourse Theory is also with many weaknesses. It exaggerates the responsibility of external aspect in the course of language acquisition as well as it offers little substance to inner learner approach which is an intrinsic method. The Theory of the discourse is related to behaviouristic analysis of acquisition of language with the aim of environmental input and factors or positive stimulus which is on the centre of the acquisition process. This Theory, though more complicated than Skinners observation in giving details for a composite formation of communication. But it exaggerates the role of knowledge of capability as well as functions that in obtaining the language, thus to observe fails the principles universal those facilitate and guide acquisition of the language. The Theory of the Speech Act The Speech Act Theory asserts that saying of the something is technique or method of doing something. In the theory of the speech act, we see meaning in the utterances of kinds two. First, it is the meaning that prepositional while secondly is the meaning related to diction, while the former refer to the fundamental literal sense of the statement expressed by precise structures or words. The second refers to the cause that the written and spoken text have on the reader or the listener. Krashens Monitor Model: Although theories are chiefly concerned with giving explanations concerning how the language is obtained, no single theory is able to present a comprehensive explanation concerning the entire process of the second language acquisition. Every one of theories offer a diverse approach in the intricate procedure of the second language acquisition and this section of SLA is still at its nascent stage. However Krashens Monitor Model Theory has made a huge contribution in the additional development of SLA and let us reviews in details as to how emphasis is to be given first to acquisition and gradually shifted to learning. Krashens Monitor Model is an instance of the nativist hypothesis and provides mainly a comprehensive explanation of language acquisition ("Doyle, Arthur Conan | Questions and Answers | Page 4 | Authors D-G", 2016). The models shape the foundation that of Natural Approach that is the comprehension-based approach in the direction of second and foreign language ideas. The model includes five hypotheses namely; The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis The Natural Order Hypothesis The Input Hypothesis The Monitor Hypothesis The Affective Filter Hypothesis The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis This happen to be fundamental most of all the hypotheses. According to Krashen this theory of acquisition of second language (SLA) recommends that two independent system existence of the language performance The system acquired or Acquisition is the subconscious process product. The learned system -or the learning is formal instruction product which comprises of a process conscious that results in knowledge conscious regarding the language. The Natural Order Hypothesis The above hypothesis states that, the grammatical structures acquisition which progresses in a fixed sequence. Specific structures grammatical or morphemes are achieved ahead of others in acquisition of first language next to with the comparable standard SLA in order. The Input Hypothesis The Input hypothesis conveys acquisition in addition to the learning. Here Krashen mentions that one obtains best language during the input understanding which is ahead of their present level of capacity. The second language teacher must continuously send considerable amount of roughly tuned messages, moreover it must develop chances for the students in order to access the structures to recognize with and express the meaning. The Monitor Hypothesis Based on stated earlier, the learners of second language have two ways of internalizing end language. Firstly the acquisition that is an intuitive and subconscious method regarding creating the language structure. Secondly the conscious process of learning in that learners focus forming and figuring out the rules and are aware usually of this process. However, monitor is a phase within this process. Krashen considers fluency in the second language action occurs owing to what we have already acquired and not based on what we have learned: Krashen thus proposes the three conditions for its exercise: Here focus should be given on the form rather than on the meaning there should be enough time the learners must identify the rules. they must preplanned the speech The Affective Filter Hypothesis This is associated with the learners emotional state, Krashen opines that inputs ought to be attained in less-anxiety contexts as the acquirers amidst a little affective filter collect additional inputs and work together with confidence. However Krashen is criticized on numerous grounds. Some of them are: Firstly, Criticism in Krashens theory is based on the way his theory is constructed along with the evidence used to support it. Secondly, his theory has made a huge number of declaration about a wide range of the SLA phenomena, several of which appear to be empirically false, which thus invited researchers criticism of the idea. Thirdly, his theory was directly tied to suggestions for classroom application consequently it appeared significant to test, which again is not always possible. McLaughlin (1978) found it insufficient in that a few of its essential hypotheses and assumptions are not evidently defined. As an effect, they are not voluntarily testable. Krashen by no means sufficiently described learning, acquisition, conscious or else subconscious; and with no such explanation, it is very difficult to separately decide whether the issues are or acquiring or learning the language (Horner, 1987). According to Gitsaki, Krashen is clear his conditions with enough accuracy while Seliger (1979) mentions that Krashens theory points out that the theory is too complex. Moreover, Krashen is unsuccessful to give details the procedure of acquisition, or else why the learned information will not be available in similar method as the acquired information is. Conclusion: A language acquisition has been one of the essential subjects in cognitive science, however it has, in addition, been the most controversial one. So often the chief questions, remains unanswered as to what exactly is the process that changes the childs expression into grammatically accurate one in addition to adult-like speech. To sum up it may be stated that the objective of language acquisition study needs to explain how a child develops to be competent enough to understand and produce language, attain language "milestones and choose the suitable processing strategies. Plenty of grammar programs should be introduced based on the points covered from simple to difficult by the educator is the best method that should include supply logical input of situations that contain messages that to hear children wishes. These techniques compel do not early acquisition in the second language, however permit children to create when prepared they are ; identifying that development comes by communicative providing as well as comprehensible input, rather than forcing production and correcting. Some of the factors that need to be taken into consideration associated with language acquisition are: Frequent exposure to the language in a natural setting. Low anxiety levels Motivation that creates an urge for knowing the language No conscious, deliberate effort and no formal instruction. However, amidst a variety of theories developing language acquisition these theories have one object in common which is that all of them consider that the language acquisition happens to be one vital aspect that seperates human from the other living animals. Therefore it is by accepting diverse how language characteristic are attained we can enhance our understanding of the main vehicle through which we can communicate. References: A Discussion of Language Acquisition Theories. (2011).Being and Work. Retrieved 27 July 2016, from https://charttesl.wordpress.com/2011/01/18/a-discussion-of-language-acquisition-theories/ STEMMER, N. (2005). Empiricist versus mentalist theories of language acquisition.Semiotica,49(1-2). https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/semi.1984.49.1-2.139 Retrieved 27 July 2016, from https://.wordpress.com/2011/01/18/a-discussion-of-language-acquisition-theories/ Lamb, S. (1967). : Current Issues in Linguistic Theory. Noam Chomsky. ; Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Noam Chomsky.American Anthropologist,69(3-4), 411-415. https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1967.69.3-4.02a00500 Wardhaugh, R. (1971). THEORIES OF LANGUAGE ACQUISITION IN RELATION TO BEGINNING READING INSTRUCTION1.Language Learning,21(1), 1-26. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1971.tb00487.x Horner, D. (1987). Acquisition, learning and the monitor: A critical look at Krashen.System,15(3), 339-349. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0346-251x(87)90008-x SLA, C. (2012).Find Study Materials of English Language, Literature and ELT: Contribution of Krashens Monitor Model and Inter language theory in the field of SLA.Englishstudyhelp.blogspot.in. Retrieved 27 July 2016, from https://englishstudyhelp.blogspot.in/2012/06/contribution-of-krashens-monitor-model.html Doyle, Arthur Conan | Questions and Answers | Page 4 | Authors D-G. (2016).Funtrivia.com. Retrieved 27 July 2016, from https://www.funtrivia.com/en/Literature/Doyle-Arthur-Conan-8896_4.html Institute of Historical Research (IHR), U. (2016).Critical discourse analysis - a method to study the media and how the abolition of slavery has been commemorated.History.ac.uk. Retrieved 24 July 2016, from https://www.history.ac.uk/1807commemorated/media/methods/critical.html Kose, G. (1997). Piaget, Born Again.Theory Psychology,7(1), 136-138. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354397071019. van der Veer, R. (2002). On Comparing Vygotsky and Chomsky.Theory Psychology,12(6), 854-856. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354302126006