The Effects Of Family Therapy On The Treatment And...

The use of family therapy in the treatment and management of adolescent anorexia nervosa has been established since the 1970s, when Minuchin began a trial of family therapy as an intervention within a population of adolescent anorexia nervosa patients. (14) While these patients other treatments were inconsistent, with some inpatient and some undergoing individual therapy, the commonality between them was a focus on family therapy. While this was not a clinical trial, 86% of patients showed positive outcomes at follow-up, a cause for optimism and catalyst for further examination (15). A team of clinical researchers at London s Maudsley Hospital and Institute of Psychiatry, led by family therapists Christopher Dare and Ivan Eisler, was†¦show more content†¦(6; 17) Phase 2 is begun when the patient has begun eating in more normal quantities, and is gaining weight at a consistent rate; the patient at this stage has been fighting anorexia and is beginning to win. Also characterising this stage is a feeling of relief and accomplishment among the family; the patient has been helped to pull herself out of immediate physical danger and take charge of the disorder rather than the disorder taking charge of her. During this stage, the responsibility for eating is gradually returned to the patient as appropriate to her age and development, re-affording her control and autonomy. (6; 17) The therapy at this stage focuses on challenging her distorted ideas on food and weight. (18) Phase 3 begins when the adolescent is maintaining a healthy weight and is eating consistently and autonomously, without engaging in self-starvation. During this phase, the focus moves from the adolescent s eating habits to the establishing of her identity as a young person, her gr owing independence as appropriate to her age and stage of development, and the shifting of the balance of the family away from focusing on the eating disorder. (6; 17) TheShow MoreRelatedCauses Of Anorexia Nervosa1344 Words   |  6 Pageslifetime presence of vomiting to be negative prognostic factors, and impulsivity (only in the beginning phases of anorexia nervosa recovery) to be a surprisingly positive prognostic factor. However, other studies examining the prognostic factors for treatment success have found mixed results, which suggests no factor has been found to definitively predict outcome (Guarda, 2008). Despite this, a (2009) longitudinal study by Wentz and colleages’ including only individuals with teenage onset of anorexiaRead MoreFunctional Family Therapy ( Fft )1192 Words   |  5 PagesFunctional Family Therapy. Functional family therapy (FFT; Alexander Parsons, 1982) is based on the premise that the behaviours of each family member serve a certain function within the family system. In the context of conduct disorders and antisocial behaviours, FFT views these behaviours as serving a necessary function for the child in the family system, which is then the reason why the child continues to engage in those deviant behaviours (Baker, 2012). For example, the antisocial behaviourRead MoreEssay on Drug Addiction Treatment1360 Words   |  6 PagesAddiction Drug Treatment Word count – date – 17/8/2010 Description: Addiction drug treatment is a treatment for the person who is having chronic or periodic dependence on the drug by repeated consumption of it. Keywords: drug addiction treatment, addiction drug treatment, addiction treatment drug rehab, drug addiction treatment program, drug addiction treatment centers, drug addiction treatment programs, drugRead MoreAnger Management : Single Subject Design1351 Words   |  6 PagesAnger Management: Single Subject Design The client is a 14-year-old Hispanic female in a residential substance abuse treatment rehabilitation center. The client participated in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy anger management group. The client was admitted to the residential program in July of 2016 for her cannabis use. She was referred by Drug Court due to her failure to comply with the program rules. The client has a past of domestic violence and defiant behavior towards her mother and not abidingRead MoreProblems Associated With Comorbidities And Its Effects On The Individual s Current Level Of Development1392 Words   |  6 PagesClosely associated with comorbidities, is the concept of addressing any vulnerabilities or hurdles that consumers might face, not only in undertaking treatment, but in their day to day life. These hurdles include such things as impairments in vision, hearing or coordination.11 Another core concept that is pertinent to consider in management of these young people is to recognise that they are in an incredibly dynamic phase of development. Each individual will be referred at a different emotionalRead MoreTrauma- Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: an Effective Treatment Modality for Children and Adolescents Who Have Experienced Traumatic Incidents1687 Words   |  7 PagesTrauma- Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: An Effective treatment modality for children and Adolescents who have experienced traumatic incidents * What is TF-CBT and What is it Best Suited for: Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) was developed by psychologists J.A. Cohen and, Mannarino, Knudset and Sharon. TF-CBT has been developed for those who have experienced psychological trauma, often on a great scale of magnitude. It is important to define trauma; â€Å"There areRead MoreIntervention Methods. Methods Proposed To Achieve The Program’S1175 Words   |  5 Pagespatients in the in-patient facility. A well-rounded approach is used connecting the person and the environment in order to provide a safe standard of care for the patients. The philosophy of the Chronic pain program is to promote the wellness of adolescents and young adults with chronic pain by teaching strategies to manage pain and encourage functional activity. Principles of Practice The most notable principle of practice of the programs at CSH is dignity and self worth of every person. ChildrenRead MoreSubstance Abuse967 Words   |  4 Pagesthe long-term abuse of alcohol and other drugs causing physiological distortion of brain chemistry as well as the social isolation. Another factor is the acute intoxicating effects of the drugs may make suicide more likely to occur. Suicide is also very common in adolescent alcohol abusers, with 1 in 4 suicides in adolescents being related to alcohol abuse.[19] In the USA approximately 30 per cent of suicides are related to alcohol abuse. Alcohol abuse is also associated with increased risks ofRead MoreParent Management Training : A Behavioral Treatment For Children And Adolescents With Aggressive, Antisocial And Defiant Behaviors1371 Words   |  6 PagesParent Management Training (PMT) is an evidence-based intervention instilled to parents of children and adolescents with aggressive, antisocial and defiant behaviors. Parents are taught social learning techniques with the purpose of changing the behavior of their children. Parents learn effective parent-child relationship management strategies and parenting skills through exercises and role play with the therapist. These methods include observing and recording behavior, positive reinforcement, tokenRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Chronic Illness1388 Words   |  6 Pagesincreased in recent years due to medical advances and adolescents are now more than ever able to lead a productive life even in spite of serious illness† (p. 3). Managing multiple chronic illness requires not on ly commitment from the affected adolescents, but also monitoring of their parents. Patient and family-centered care model should be applied. Weyandt et al. (2014) stated that â€Å"pharmacotherapy is the primary treatment option for children, adolescents, and adults with ADHD, including college students†

India Closed Economy - 3117 Words

CHAPTER 1 INDIA’S TRANSITION FROM A CLOSED TO AN OPEN ECONOMY A moment comes, which comes but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new, when an age ends, and when the soul of a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance. 1.1 These are the words of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, in his speech marking the Independence of India on 14 August 1947. These words still hold true today as India moves onto the global scene and is making its presence felt as an emerging economic power. History Since Independence 1.2 When India achieved its independence in 1947, it was the beginning - not the end - of a period of nation-building .1 India was determined to definitively break away from the†¦show more content†¦This may have been due largely to industrialisation policies and the green revolution .8 The fundamental premise was that: ... growth should be accompanied by social justice and this should be achieved in a way that made India self-sufficient... . [Eventually] imports were severely controlled and were subject in many cases to quantitative restrictions, and in all cases to very high tariffs, which, at their peak, had reached a maximum level of 350%.9 1.9 Between 1951 and 1993, India’s share of world trade plunged from 2.4 to 0.5 percent owing to Nehru s reliance on central planning as an economic policy.10 This highly regulated, over-bureaucratised system severely inhibited competition, innovation, efficiency and economic growth. Trade policies were designed to protect lo cal industries from external competition through high subsidies and tariffs. 1.10 As well as decreasing levels of trade participation with countries other than the USSR, India had become increasingly reliant on the USSR for technological and capital inputs. Moreover, according to DFAT: 5 6 7 8 9 10 ANZ Banking Group Submission, p. S 798. ibid. DFAT Submission, p. S 721. ibid. IOC Submission, p. S 224. India s Economy at the Midnight Hour: Australia s India Strategy, report of the East Asia Analytical Unit, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Commonwealth of Australia, 1994, p. 10. 4 ... investment in social infrastructure (particularlyShow MoreRelatedEssay about Exposing the Corruption in India1218 Words   |  5 Pagestalked about subject. However, in India there is a problem with corruption, which has run out of control. People subject to poverty in India and considered poor by other nations’ standards are taken for what little cash they have or property they own by someone of a higher authority. What’s worse is those very people also begin doing the same. Corruption is an opportunity to many, and to some their only way to get ahead. This problem is so far reaching in India that one has to question how thingsRead MoreIndian Economic Environment4462 Words   |  18 Pagespolitical-legal. Economic Environment- The available purchasing power in an economy depends on current income, prices, saving, debt, and credit availability. Marketers must pay careful attention to trends affecting purchasing power, because they can have a strong impact on business, especially for companies whose products are geared to high income and price-sensitive consumers. India’s economy has been showing vibrancy of growth from 1991 ever since the government initiated programsRead MorePrimary Sector of Economy17717 Words   |  71 PagesPrimary sector of the economy The primary sector of the economy is the sector of an economy making direct use of natural resources. This includes agriculture, forestry and fishing, mining, and extraction of oil and gas. This is contrasted with the secondary sector, producing manufactures and other processed goods, and the tertiary sector, producing services. The primary sector is usually most important in less developed countries, and typically less important in industrial countries. The manufacturingRead MoreUnderstanding The Financial Market And Globalization1529 Words   |  7 PagesFinancial Market and Globalization in India Prepared By Dionne Benard FIN4604005_2014f_81778 International Finance Fall 2014 Understanding the Financial Market and Globalization in India Abstract The research paper is a brief study that explains the different factors that play a key role in growth international financial market in India. We also took a brief look at what the RBI (Reserve Bank of India) and their role in the growth of India’s economy. The study does not talk aboutRead MoreTrade Patterns Of China And India1355 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay is an analysis and comparison of the trade patterns of China and India since 2000 and studies the effect of the regulating economic and national policies on the trade performance. Being old neighbors India and China have shared a lot in common like the culture, sciences and also a few economic linkages. They also have the largest populations in the world: India with 1311 million and China with 1376 million in 2015(Esa.un.org, 2016). Since 2000 trade between the two countries has mushroomedRead MoreComparing The Economic Growth Of India And China Since The Millennium Essay885 Words   |  4 PagesCompare the economic growth of India and China since the Millennium. India and China, the two dragons constantly fighting with each other, both historically and economically. Although China appears to indulge in the media’s thoughts, perhaps India has been slowly but surely closing the gap or even taking the edge. China has converted itself from a closed, centrally planned system to a more market-centred one that has a major global role. To illustrate this, it became the world’s largest exporterRead MoreFree Trade Improves The Quality Of Life For A Nation And Its Citizens1448 Words   |  6 Pagessectors that create stable jobs and usually higher incomes, thus improving livelihoods. For example, manufacturing workers in open economies received pay rates 3 to 9 times greater than those in closed economies, depending on the region. In Chile, a worker in a sector open to trade and investment gains an average â‚ ¬1,100 more per year than a worker in a relatively closed sector. Encourages innovation Trade encourages innovation by facilitating exchange of know-how technology and investment in researchRead MoreIndian Economy After Independence : India1310 Words   |  6 PagesIndia is rich in natural resources and labor which has helped India progress after attaining independence from British rule in 1947. The purpose of this research paper is to trace the Indian economy after independence. India is the largest democracy in the world with a stable democratic government. Recently, India has elected a new prime minister, Narendra Modi who took office in the year 2014. (India Today). The new government in India is credited with reviving the economy and strengthening India’sRead MoreIndia And China s Economic Growth1085 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract India and China, two populous countries (nearly one-third of the world’s population) in the world, have innumerable similarities in many aspects. Both of them sit on the Asian continent and achieve rapid economic growth in the past three decades. As current success stories of globalization, this rapid growth also influences the economic structure of the world which leads more concentration on the analysis of these two countries. Two Not Similar economies Different economies may have commonRead MoreWhatà ­s an Emerging Market Economy? 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Palliative Care Perspectives

Question: Discuss about the Palliative Care Perspectives. Answer: Introduction: Palliative care is a special type of treatment that is provided to patients undergoing through serious conditions in their health. They mainly help in providing relief to such patients from severe pain and stress. This mainly helps to provide a quality of life care for not only the patient but also for different family members. They are mainly provided by a special group of doctors, nurses and carers who work in association with that of the patients own doctor. It helps patients suffering from cancer, congestive heart failure, kidney diseases, Alzheimers, Parkinsons and many others (Sprung et al., 2014). Palliative treatment is mainly helpful in treating pain, depression, shortness of breath, loss of apptit, constipation, difficulty in sleeping and many other symptoms, which often hampers proper life maintenance when being diagnosed by severe diseases and disorders. Researchers have suggested such palliative care to be extremely important for providing relief to the suffering of the patient who are nearing their death stage. This also supports such patients and their families by the comprehensive assessment as well as by the treatment of not only physical but also psychosocial and spiritual symptoms, which are experienced by the patients. When a person approaches towards death, his symptoms need palliation that is more aggressive. At that particular time, palliative care will not only intensify the comfort measure but also support the dying patients family (Hui et al., 2014). The essay will therefore mainly focus on the care requirement that are needed for delivering service to end of life care for patients in acute care setting and their families and will highlight the major issues that are faced by nurses while providing such care. The thesis question will mainly focus on how gathering the knowledge about the correct care requirements can affect the end of life care for people in acute care setting. It will also focus on what are the main issues that nurses face which if known may help in providing better care to such patients. Palliative care usually accompanies the care that is provided to the patient due to his ailments. The main requirement for providing palliative care for a patient at end of life is proper recognition of the pain and the troubling symptom of the patient by the appointed nurses. They will only be able to plan their intervention for the patient once they are aware of the emotional, spiritual as well as the practical needs of the patient. Once all the important choices of the patient are properly analyzed, the palliative care provided by the nurses will be more fruitful (Gardiner et al., 2014). It is extremely important for the palliative care nurse to identify and thereby carry out the goals of the intervention set up after the analysis. This mainly would involve symptom relief, spiritual comfort, counseling and enhancement of quality life. The nurses need to relieve the symptoms and distress that is affecting the patient at the same time helping them to understand their diseases and di agnosis in a better way. They will help the patient to clarify their treatment goals other options, which are available to them. Besides the nurses, also need to act as an emotional strength to the patient helping them to understand and at the same time support their ability to cope with the patients illness (Quill Abernathy, 2013). The nurses also need to assist the patient in making medical decisions and coordinate with doctors to discuss interventions and the results for providing best care. It is extremely important for the nurses to avoid making the patient feel that he is nearing his death. Rather she must try her best to make him see the better aspects of the life for which he can live for. Terminal care is required for not only cancer but also for respiratory failure, AIDS, motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis and many others (Gillian et al., 2015). Therefore, nurses must practice proper communication technique to achieve such goals. Besides, coordination with the multidisciplinary team along with that of the patients family members is also necessary. She should try to control the symptoms of the patient for which she might need to be less professional and continue her care even for out of hours. Caring in the dying phase along with providing carer support is also extremely significant. Besides fulfilling the physical requirements, she also needs to provide emotional and spiritual support to the dying patient (Rowe, Fulmer Fried, 2013). Death will definitely co me to all of us and all knows it. However, when it becomes imminent, emotions changes and becomes strong. Patients often tend to know how much time they have in hand, or even may want to be honest with them. Under such circumstances, it is important for the nurse to analyze the patients critically; condition and answer accordingly being honest but at the same time, determining how much should be said to satisfy him without harming his emotional stability. Nurses while treating patients who are nearing their death face a large number of challenges. One of the major issues is handling intense conditions and important intensified discussions with the patients suffering from severe illness (Beckstrand et al., 2015). Researchers have suggested that nurses and many clinicians often complain about not receiving proper training and education during their courses, which helped them to handle such intense conditions. Studies suggest that only 6% of all conversations carried on end of life issues with patients and family members were mentored by higher authorities in comparison to the 90% cases of invasive procedure training like central venous line placement, arterial puncture and thoracocentesis being mentored by higher authorities (Carter, Levetown Friebert, 2013). Hence handling such situations effectively often becomes a major concern for them. Another issue faced by them is the application of concept of spirituality with their procedures. After being trained in the procedure for large number of years in science and its advancement in healthcare, it becomes difficult for them to handle conversations of spirituality and emotional strengths in order to handle the patients and his carers effectively. Moreover, it may also result in development of anxiety in the nurse about discussions on death and disease, which is further fueled by interactions with the dying patient (Peters et al., 2013). It may also affect him in other ways like making him remember some similar personal losses that result in developing stronger personal bonds with the patient harming her practice. A large number of ethical dilemmas were found when researchers conducted surveys. It stated that inadequate communication among stakeholders, provision of non beneficial care, different forms of issues with symptom management, autonomy of patient threatened or usurped, use of opioids, challenges faced in decision making and also dilemma in discontinuing lif e prolonging therapies were the mostly noted (Dilworth et al., 2016). Though death is an inseparable part of life, death is feared as an illness. Therefore the goal of a nurse in providing a palliative care is to improve the situation where pain and different symptoms of the dying patient are managed providing him both physical and mental support resulting in painless and peaceful situations towards end of life. Therefore, it is very necessary for the nurses to help patients and their family members to determine proper medical and emotional care and in providing correct alignment of the patient care goals with that of the healthcare teams. Establishment of need for medical proxy, resuscitation status and advance directives are the main fundamental foundations of the palliative care at end of life. In order to provide the best quality care to dying individuals, nurses also need to overcome a number of educational, ethical and emotional gaps and challenges to make their practices more prominent so that they can provide the best quality life that a human being deserves before he passes away. References: Beckstrand, R. L., Rohwer, J., Luthy, K. E., Macintosh, J. L., Rasmussen, R. J. (2015). Rural emergency nurses end-of-life care obstacle experiences: stories from the last frontier.Journal of Emergency Nursing. Carter, B. S., Levetown, M., Friebert, S. E. (Eds.). (2013).Palliative care for infants, children, and adolescents: a practical handbook. JHU Press. Dillworth, J., Dickson, V. V., Mueller, A., Shuluk, J., Yoon, H. W., Capezuti, E. (2016). Nurses' perspectives: hospitalized older patients and end?of?life decision?making.Nursing in critical care,21(2), e1-e11. Gardiner, C., Brereton, L., Frey, R., Wilkinson-Meyers, L., Gott, M. (2014). Exploring the financial impact of caring for family members receiving palliative and end-of-life care: a systematic review of the literature.Palliative medicine,28(5), 375-390. Gillan, P. C., van der Riet, P. J., Jeong, S. (2014). End of life care education, past and present: A review of the literature.Nurse Education Today,34(3), 331-342. Hui, D., Kim, S. H., Roquemore, J., Dev, R., Chisholm, G., Bruera, E. (2014). Impact of timing and setting of palliative care referral on quality of end?of?life care in cancer patients.Cancer,120(11), 1743-1749. Peters, L., Cant, R., Payne, S., OConnor, M., McDermott, F., Hood, K., ... Shimoinaba, K. (2013). How death anxiety impacts nurses caring for patients at the end of life: a review of literature.The open nursing journal,7(1). Quill, T. E., Abernethy, A. P. (2013). Generalist plus specialist palliative carecreating a more sustainable model.New England Journal of Medicine,368(13), 1173-1175. Rowe, J. W., Fulmer, T., Fried, L. (2016). Preparing for better health and health care for an aging population.Jama,316(16), 1643-1644. Sprung, C. L., Truog, R. D., Curtis, J. R., Joynt, G. M., Baras, M., Michalsen, A., ... Bulpa, P. (2014). Seeking worldwide professional consensus on the principles of end-of-life care for the critically ill. The Consensus for Worldwide End-of-Life Practice for Patients in Intensive Care Units (WELPICUS) study.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine,190(8), 855-866.

Blow

Blow-Up: Directed by Michelangelo Antonioni Essay For the assignment I have chosen to analyze the ending sequence of Michelangelo Antonionis 1966 film, Blow-Up. The sequence begins with photographer, Thomas, return to the park during the day to photograph the dead body and ends with the End ? title as Thomas fades away. After attempting to make sense of the photographs he took at the park, Thomas discovers that he has, in reality, photographed a murder. He visits the park late at night preceding the final scenes and finds the body yet upon his return to photograph the body during the day it is no longer there. The scene begins with a shot of Thomas climbing the stairs in the park that lead towards where he originally photographed the couple and the murder. Anticipation is built up by following Thomass approach towards the bush then cutting to a shot where we are placed in front of Thomas on the other side of the bush as he looks around and realizes that there is no longer a mans body there. We will write a custom essay on Blow-Up: Directed by Michelangelo Antonioni specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now It is interesting to notice that before he noticed the body missing as he walked through the park he first adjusts his camera, then holds it by his side in with his hand wrapped around its body and his finger on the trigger; almost like it is an extension of himself. Yet after realizing the body is missing he bends down and begins analyzing the place he saw the body and the hand holding the camera goes limp suggesting that the cameras purpose is no longer relevant. Instead we begin to follow his gaze as he suddenly looks up at overhanging branches on a tree as they rustle. In the following shots we follow Thomas as he walks around tentatively, making a stops and circling around. We are also aligned with his gaze as he looks at different things in the park and now he is holding the camera by its strap; further disconnecting him from the body of the camera. Now we have seen that he is not leaving the park the way he came and walks past the bush. Now we are introduced to the second part of the sequence when the clip suddenly cuts to the same group of yelling, trouble making mimes as they drive around the park catastrophically. The sounds and images of rustling trees from the first part are juxtaposed with the waving and yelling of the mimes as well as the sound of the engine of the truck as it whizzes by. Then, we are placed behind Thomas as he descends stairs and sees the mimes. Though we begin following Thomas as he strolls around the park, the camera is aligned with the movement of the mimes as they drive back around the park and stop their truck next to Thomas, jump out and two of the mimes enter the tennis court while the others line up along the outside of the fence to watch. We are placed inside of the court with the ?tennis players and they begin their match of tennis with an invisible ball and rackets. The mimes, who were once screaming and moving uncontrollably, now play and watch the game in silence. Interestingly, the camera follows the game as if the ball was real and we can faintly hear the sound of a racket hitting a tennis ball. Thomas, whos attention has evidently been drawn by this odd spectacle, now stands at the corner of the tennis court watching with a slightly amused look. Yet what stands out to me is that Thomas, a photographer who has expressed his ambition to capture events and people in the real world, does not so much as look at his camera. He is still holding it by the strap and it hangs uselessly by his side while we see his eyes following the nonexistent ball. I would say that the third part of the scene begins when the woman monk runs to Thomas corner of the tennis court to retrieve the ?ball which she missed and she and Thomas acknowledge each other; she makes a funny sort of shrug and he gives her a nod. .u20b6276c15ccb17a16b200c070bd5087 , .u20b6276c15ccb17a16b200c070bd5087 .postImageUrl , .u20b6276c15ccb17a16b200c070bd5087 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u20b6276c15ccb17a16b200c070bd5087 , .u20b6276c15ccb17a16b200c070bd5087:hover , .u20b6276c15ccb17a16b200c070bd5087:visited , .u20b6276c15ccb17a16b200c070bd5087:active { border:0!important; } .u20b6276c15ccb17a16b200c070bd5087 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u20b6276c15ccb17a16b200c070bd5087 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u20b6276c15ccb17a16b200c070bd5087:active , .u20b6276c15ccb17a16b200c070bd5087:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u20b6276c15ccb17a16b200c070bd5087 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u20b6276c15ccb17a16b200c070bd5087 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u20b6276c15ccb17a16b200c070bd5087 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u20b6276c15ccb17a16b200c070bd5087 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u20b6276c15ccb17a16b200c070bd5087:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u20b6276c15ccb17a16b200c070bd5087 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u20b6276c15ccb17a16b200c070bd5087 .u20b6276c15ccb17a16b200c070bd5087-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u20b6276c15ccb17a16b200c070bd5087:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The film X-Men-the Movie EssayThe moment between the two confirms that he is somewhat involved in this game. After this moment the camera flies around, following the ?ball very convincingly; perhaps inviting the viewer to spectate this game as well. After a few more hits we are placed behind Thomas as the ?ball is hit too hard and flies over the fence. Thomas head actually turns as his gaze follows the ?balls trajectory over the fence and the camera follows it as it invisibly rolls further away. Because the woman mime knows that Thomas has become involved with the game, she points to him and then to the ?ball, prodding him to go get it. Instead of making up another fake ball, the one that they were using again gains meaning as it appears to be their only fake ball. Thomas seems to hesitate for a moment before jogging to it, dropping his camera, grabbing the ball and throwing it back. After he throws it back we never return to see the game but instead watch his eyes shift back and forth as it continues before him. Suddenly, his eyes lower and pause as he appears to be thinking and we cut to a long shot from above of Thomas standing alone in the field whereupon he walks back to his camera, picks it up, turns back to the game and stops, eventually fading away and disappearing from the grass entirely. The end of the sequence is interesting as we see Thomas completely disconnected from his camera when he puts it down to throw the invisible ball. For him the camera is a method of both communication and knowledge. He has, throughout the film, been searching for the ?truth behind the murder in the park by blowing up his photographic images until they are almost unrecognizable representations of reality. He attempts to access reality by distorting it entirely; trying to control his images so they will reveal meaning. He moves through the world by both controlling (photo shoots with models) and displacing himself from it (hiding to photograph the couples). Upon seeing that the body is missing, he realizes that he cannot attain the truth about the murder he witnessed because there is no longer any physical evidence for him to photograph. Thomas gives himself up to the world, he loosens his grip on his camera while he wanders aimlessly until he sees the game; and instead of displacing himself from it by taking photographs, he allows himself to become a part of it. The simple action of throwing the invisible ball back is extremely significant because Thomas has evidently confronted the idea of reality without physicality and chooses to participate in the invisible fun. Perhaps he realizes after acknowledging that the body is missing that he can never gain access to the truth through photography independently because it is a medium of representation and the photograph, like the body, is a physical destructible medium. As a photographer, Thomas has lived in the realm of the visible, if it is not visible to him it cannot be real. Upon realizing the body is gone Thomas begins to look around and notice things, he invests himself in a fake game of Tennis, a game in which it actually does not matter what is visible and/or non-existent. Mimes themselves are figures that work with what cannot be seen and upon interacting with them Thomas seems to understand that reality lies between the visible and non-visible. Thomas disappearance at the end of the film is then perhaps Antonionis way of making ourselves as viewers aware of the fictional nature of what we are watching. Thomas character though meaningful, is fictitious and also acknowledges that like photography, film itself can never as a medium represent the ?real.