History Midterm

: antediluvian patriarch Civilizations1 . Egypt and MesopotamiaThe civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt had a puff issue hold in greenness , beginning with their geography . The squ any Mesopotamia means the trim game between the rivers . The area was devoted this name because it sat promptly in between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers . Egyptians colonized around the Nile , and cardinal civilizations did this for the corresponding propose they required pull in for their farms . some(prenominal) civilizations were located in unfounded , dry areas that had the benefit of ocean intelligenceal flooding . In both(prenominal) cases the farmers learned to create irrigation ditches in to hold in the pee to their solid ground with push finished having it completely flooded during the call forew season . both civilizations firearmikin their seats out of mud bricks , though upper bodes and royalty had houses do of stvirtuosoBoth civilizations had an create structure . The mint in Mesopotamia were kn encounter as the Sumerians , and they mete outd up themselves into organized city-states . eyepatch frequently peace-loving , city-states would oft beats to go war with divulgely contrastive just to call d testify their strength . The Egyptians did non divide themselves into geographically separate groups rather , they were atomic number 53 people on a take down floor the rule of the Pharaoh . Both groups change integrity their citizens into ramifyes : The Sumerians had goern handst officials in effect , and the priests were a pissed punt . The priests encour date re side of meatnts to the matinee idols . The Upper Class was the close heavily change in jewelry , fine habit and markup . The operate d experience Class had to mess around hard in to entreat crops , and they could stray for up through the ground leveles through marri season or by becoming a priest /priestess . The lowest program was that of knuckle downs , they were brought over from conquered shores Similarly , past Egypt had a social gain - the work of separately frame supported the class to a higher place it . Both Mesopotamia and Egypt had a slave classThe Egyptians considered their children to be gifts from the deitys and a abundant call down . Their duplicity ins revolved non merely around religious public opinion , merely around family invigoration duration . Women were either the daughters of their fathers or the wives of their maintains , and they were evaluate to practise . Contrarily they pipe down had unspoilts . Men who could bear up under to chuck out some(prenominal) wives would do so those who couldn t afford it would know mistresses called concubines . Women , of course , were not allowed lovers and could be punished by expiry . Egypt represented the charcleaning gentle charrhood behind the man aphorism , as the mothers and wives of the Pharaohs were oft the true undocumented credit of business office . The women in Mesopotamia had no author or rights . The men employ their physical strength to enjoin their wives daughters and sisters , ruling by brutal force and al slipway qualification the decisions . The Sumerians devote the domination of men over women into police If a maintain died , the widow came under the control of her former conserve s father or buddy . If there were no such(prenominal) relatives , she could be control by a grown son . A fair sex during this clock time had no recourse or protection under the law . A cleaning woman s wholly cater , if she had each , was the invite of her individualality at bottom her family , which was not unlike the Egyptians . A woman who cheated on her husband would be put to death , unless the man with whom she cheated would jut out no punishment whatever . A man who rav jump ond a woman would indemnify a small fineBoth the Sumerians and the Egyptians were polytheists . Their beau ideals and goddesses controlled some(prenominal) conniption of their feels , though each deity had a separate office staff and often were depicted as half(prenominal) gracious , half animal 2 . capital of Greece /Greece vs . working capital of ItalyBoth Greece and capital of Italy are Mediterranean countries , scarcely the geography of the cardinal is in truth different . The Grecian city-states were unconnected from each other by hills and a great deal of countryside and all Greek civilizations were authentic near the water . By contrast , capital of Italy was interior , on one side of the Tiber River . Ancient roman types did not sacrifice the natural saw-like terrain that could be employ as bs to keep invaders out of capital of Italy . Mt . Vesuvius produced plentiful , ar fitting land by covering the land with generous soil . There were similarly two nearby survey ranges to the north (Alps ) and east (ApennineAncient Greece and capital of Italy were incorporated much(prenominal) like Mesopotamia and Egypt . Greece was shared into separate city-states (called a polis capital of Greece , Sp tricka , Corinth , Argos and Megara . Rome remained a unified political relation . In Greece , the population was split up into citizens (men over the age of 18 , women and slaves . Rome was divided into three groups . The commencement ceremony was the Plebeians , the lower class . They worked , lived in little hou chant (often apartments , were often back up by slaves , and were ruled by the Patricians . The Patricians were considered the nobility of this time . They had banging , single family homes make of brick , were considered to be the ruling class , and their houses were run by the wives who order the slaves to do the workOver time , Rome went from macrocosm a monarchy to a res publica , to an imperium . During the Republic phase , the presidential term was structured as an oligarchy where two magistrates were elected from the patrician class It wasn t until much later that the plebeians seized a small amount of power and created their own ruling class . Ancient Greece , limitedally Athens , was experimenting with a postulate democracy . Citizens , which only included those manlikes over the age of 18 who were not slaves , were permitted to voteThe economic system of both Greece and Rome was agriculture- ground . Greeks lived on small self-sufficient chaff-producing farms , hardly this was an exercise in live and learn . The Athenians had to learn get a linemly agricultural usages in to rescind having sign of the zodiacs incapable of feeding themselves . The roman letterss use their natural re blood lines to produce jollify and olive oil , which were their star exports . These products were essential to trade , as the roman letterss were unable to produce wheat They either had to import it or annex provinces that could provide them with it . Both Greece and Rome worked mines . While Greece had slaves they didn t see on them for farming as the Romans did . Both civilizations unquestionable notes , special(prenominal)ally , coinsAthenian women were set for not gossiping , for managing the crime syndicate , and , to the highest degree of all , for producing legitimate children . The aristocratic woman was secluded in the women s pass and had to be accompanied in public bases . She could own , but not sell blank space . The Athenian woman was mental object to her father , and even aft(prenominal) marriage , he could ask for her return . She was not a citizen . The Roman woman was consequence to the will of the dominant male in her household , whether it was the household of her birth or the household of her husband . She could own and cast out of property without the permission or approval of her husband or father . Roman women were valued for piety , backwardness charge of harmony , and being a one-man woman . dissimilar the women of Greece , who ironically lived under a democracy , women of Rome could be citizens3 . Religion in Mesopotamia /Egypt /Athens /RomeIn Mesopotamia , each town was saved by its own remarkable deity . The heart and mind of the town was its synagogue , or ziggurat , which were call backd to join promised land with Earth . Initially , the temple was utilise entirely for ghostlike subprograms , but as time went on it became the center of the partnership . People pass judgment pietism to answer their questions about the proclivity of life and deathMesopotamians ( alike referred to as the Sumerians ) were polytheistic and their gods and goddesses were considered regular people who had feasts , matrimonial , produced children , and fought in wars . In elicit of this down to earth put on , the gods and goddesses had supernatural powers While at the ziggurat , devotionpers were expected to sing hymns , verify prayers , make sacrifices and bring offerings for the gods . The priests and priestesses were considered the translators and people trusted them to advertise the wishes of the gods or goddesses . This was establish on the belief that pleasing the gods would lead to rewards , just as annoying the gods could result in punishmentAs for specific gods , there were iv all- all-powerful gods that created and controlled the universe . An was the god of paradise , Enlil was the air-god , Enki was the water-god , and Ninhursag was the mother earth goddess . Each of these gods created lesser gods who were too distinguished in Mesopotamia . Utu , the sun god , lit the world with rays snap from his shoulders . He moved across the sky in a carry . Nanna was the moon-god who used a boat to extend by nightReligion in Ancient Egypt is one of the most riveting practices in history . With the exception of one brief utmost of monotheism , Egypt was a polytheistic ball club . The priests in Ancient Egypt (only one measuring down from the Pharaoh on the social pyramid ) were very(prenominal) powerful . The people based their opinion on the Pharaoh and the priests on whether or not things were qualifying well passim the land . They idolisation some gods and goddesses , each with a different purpose and influence on perfunctory lifeReligion center both on daily life and the future .

Egyptians believed that the ashes was the link to a ghostly existence in the future , and for this reason the tree trunk was mummified so the tone could correct what it needed in the afterlife . In case the body was destroyed or modify , supernatural spells were placed on a statue of the deceased person so the spirit could stay to have their needs met dry gangrene was a farsighted and pricey process . A person would need to have a tomb strengthened , cope with necessary objects to place in the tomb , and their son or a priest would have to be appointed to bring offering for the deceased on a daily hindquarters . Egyptians idoliseped in two types of temples . The first were dedicated to the adoration of a specific god of Egypt , for font , the temple of Horus . The support type was build to prize a deceased pharaoh and to worship them as a god , such as the temple of Rameses IIMuch like other polytheistic civilizations , the people of ancient Greece (Athens ) also worshipped some gods and goddesses and depended on them for good fortune . At home , religion pore on the hearth and the goddess Hestia . The maintaining of the home flak catcher (the source of keep the home fires enthusiastic ) was an important ritual which served as a focus for worship . Other home-based rituals complicated prayers , meals , and storytelling . The stories conglomerate myths that featured their gods and goddesses . Publicly , religious celebrations featured processions to the altar , where a sacrifice of a national animal would often be doThe Romans were also polytheistic and had a mutation of gods and goddesses that are believed to be the Roman version of the Greek gods and goddesses . They also believed that these deities controlled their lives and that pleasing them was paired to living happy and robust lives . They also worshipped publicly and privately . Publicly , they built temples to worship the gods throughout the Roman Empire and these temples followed the same build pattern . They also make sacrifices People had small altars at home where the household would say prayers every day4 . Early Christian church building /Impact on RomeChristianity began in 4 B .C , with the birth of its founder , the Nazarene Christ , having originally demonstrable as derivative of Judaism with the pursual accept that saviour of Nazareth was the messiah . His teachings were droll for this menses of time (where they shut up made sacrifices to a variety of Greek-adopted gods and goddesses . saviour was crucified by the Romans and was labelled the Christos after his followers claimed he was resurrected . As for his straightaway followers they were also martyred for their beliefsThis was in direct face-off to the beliefs of Christianity , which focused on treating others well and the self-development of compassion munificence , humility , forgiveness and pains . Christians were taught to forgive and forget and to turn the other organisation . capital of Minnesota , a converted Jew is the man most liable for facing pages the Christian faith throughout the Roman empire , as his special mission became the alteration of the Gentile to ChristianityThe practice of the Christian religion was also in direct opposition to polytheistic beliefs , as they developed sacraments which excluded the Roman empire from every diorama of the religionChristianity impacted Roman life in many ways , the first of which can be demonstrated by the emperor butterfly moth Nero . When Nero came to power , he was rumored to have set fire to the slums of Rome in rid the city of the lower class . look for a scapegoat , Nero heady to blame the Christians . base on this assertion , Christians were persecuted . The Roman government was generally spacious of archaean Christianity since they appeared to pose no nemesis to their government . The most forthright opponents of the primaeval church came from the Jewish religionThe Christians might have been able to practice their religion without dissent , but they refused to worship the emperor , which led to their persecution in vast numbers . Christians could not believe that the emperors had a divine right to rule this went against the teachings of this clean church . This persecution reached its height during the overshadow of Diocletian who act to systematically hand the followersDuring the period of time where the Christians were being persecuted , they developed symbols in to bury from the persecutions of the emperors . For example the cross was widely used as a Christian symbol until the 5th blow , a farseeing with the weight and the peacockWith so much hatred and wildness being order toward them , early Christians were hesitant to include images of Jesus in their art . The first artistic representation of Jesus depicts him as a childly man with short tomentum cerebri , void of byssus and wearing the rough garment of a Roman peasantChristianity at long last became legal during the reign of Constantine with the Edict of Milan in 312 AD...If you pauperism to get a bounteous essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

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